Various types of Protocols, Internet Domain, IPv4 and IPv6

DNS - DNS is an abbreviation for Domain Name Server, which is the hierarchical naming system for converting IP addresses of various computer devices or services on the World Wide Web(WWW) into friendly and meaningful names that can be easily remembered by the people on the internet. One example would be www.google.com, Google redirects connections and gives different types of addresses to various people living in different parts of the world, since the IP address varies, for my case, it would be 173.194.38.145. Because we are unable to remember so many long strings of numbers just to go to website, DNS converts them to names that are easy to remember, just like how you save contacts in your phone, because you cannot possibly remember all the phone numbers of your friends or family.

The various top-level domains can be seen below, sub-domains and the host can be seen below:

HTTP - HTTP is an abbreviation for Hypertext Transfer(Transport) Protocol. It acts as a request and response protocol. When the client computer submits a HTTP request to the server, the server appropriately responses to the request and provide the correct resources to the client. For example, when trying to view a picture on a website, your computer will send this request to the respective website, and the client controlling the website will respond by displaying the picture that you are trying to view. Sometimes you may come across cases where a website doesnt appear as, for example: http://www.google.com. Rather, https://www.google.com. The extra s behind the HTTP stands for secure, which adds security capabilities and ensures secure communication between the client and servers.

FTP - FTP is an abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol. It is a network protocol that is used solely for transferring files for one host to the other, usually through the internet.

Internet Domain - Internet Domain, also known as Domain Name, is a string used to identify different websites and servers on the internet, based on using friendly names. For example, a complete domain name for a website would be www.google.com. com is the Top-Level Domain, while www.google is the Sub-Domain of com. In other words, in the internet, devices such as computers and servers are given these names to be identified easily by other users.

  

IPv4 and IPv6 - IPv4 uses 32 bits, which can support up to 4,294,967,296 IP addresses simultaenously, because of the vast growing number of people using the internet, IPv6 uses 128 bits to resolve the issue of the lack of space which can support up to about 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,770,000,000 IP addresses.